Nitrogen fixation in soil is the process by which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) or nitrate (NO3-), which can then be used by plants. These nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Cyanobacteria, have the enzyme nitrogenase that allows them to carry out this conversion. The process of nitrogen fixation is essential for maintaining soil fertility and providing plants with the nitrogen they need for growth and development.
